Uswa Asghar1, Davletbakova D.T.
2
2nd year student1
, group GM-16-20, Faculty of General Medicine, Adam University,
Scientific adviser2 – Candidate of Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of
Humanitarian Disciplines of Adam University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan,
uswaasghar332@gmail.com
АЯЛДАР ЖАНА КЫЗДАР ЖӨНҮНДӨ КЫРГЫЗ ЖАНА
ПАКИСТАНДЫК МАКАЛ-ЛАКАПТАРДЫН САЛЫШТЫРМА
АНАЛИЗИ
Корутунду. Макалада аялдар жана кыздар жөнүндө кыргыз жана пакистандык
макал-лакаптарга салыштырмалуу талдоо берилген. Макал-лакаптарда берилген
аялдардын образдарында окшоштуктар менен айырмачылыктар бар. Кыргыздын макаллакаптарында аял кор болгон кулдун ордун ээлебейт. Ал үйдө, кээде көчөдө бир аз
эркиндикке ээ. Аялдардын жана кыздардын абалы көбүрөөк кулчулукта экенин пакистандык
макал-лакаптардан көрө алабыз. Аял макал-лакаптарда түрдүүчө чагылдырылганы анын
коомдук турмуштагы ролунун канчалык маанилүү болгонун тастыктайт.
Негизи сөздөр: салыштырма анализ, макал-лакаптар, фольклордук жанрлар,
менталитет, ислам.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КЫРГЫЗСКИХ И ПАКИСТАНСКИХ
ПОСЛОВИЦ О ЖЕНЩИНАХ И ДЕВУШКАХ
Аннотация. В статье представлен сравнительный анализ кыргызских и
пакистанских пословиц о женщинах и девушках. В образах женщин, представленных в
ЭКОНОМИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
71
пословицах, есть сходства и различия. В кыргызских пословицах женщина не занимает
положение униженной рабыни. У нее есть некоторая свобода дома, а иногда и на улице. Из
пакистанских пословиц мы видим, что положение женщин и девушек более рабское.
Женщина изображается в пословицах по-разному, что подтверждает, насколько важной
была ее роль в общественной жизни.
Ключевые слова: сравнительный анализ, пословицы, фольклорные жанры,
менталитет, ислам.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE KYRGYZ AND PAKISTANI
PROVERBS ABOUT WOMEN AND GIRLS
Abstract. The article presents a comparative analysis of the Kyrgyz and Pakistani proverbs
about women and girls. There are some similarities and differences in the images of women
represented in proverbs. In Kyrgyz proverbs, a woman does not occupy a humiliated slave position.
She has some freedom at home and sometimes outside. From Pakistani proverbs, we see that the
position of women and girls is more enslaved. The woman is portrayed in proverbs in different
ways, which confirms how important her role in public life was.
Key words: comparative analysis, proverbs, folklore genres, mentality, Islam.
I am a 2nd year student at the Faculty of General Medicine at Adam University. I came from
Pakistan and during my studies I lived in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. I liked a lot about this
country, especially people and weather. My first impression of this country is positive. There are people
are very hospitable and kind. And the nature is wonderful and picturesque, especially in winter.
I would like to know more about the people and their culture. The Kyrgyz, like the Pakistan,
professes Islam, but traditions and customs are fundamentally different from ours. For example,
attitudes towards women. In Kyrgyz women have many rights and freedom. In our country, women
and girls are treated a little differently and we are limited in rights. To better understand the
peculiarities of this country, on the advice of my scientific advisor, I decided to take Kyrgyz
proverbs about women and compare them with Pakistani ones.
According to scientists, the proverbs of the people of the world have much in common, but
along with this there are specific features that characterize the flavor of the original culture of a
particular people, its centuries-old history. The proverbs contain a deep meaning and folk wisdom,
rooted in the distant past. In these proverbs we can see the culture, traditions and history of the
people, learn what good and evil are, feel what an excellent means for forming a person in morality,
culture, spirituality are these treasures of wisdom [1].
In the ancient folklore genres that one can see the worldview of any nation, try to understand
their customs and traditions. I think this will give an opportunity to understand and reveal the
peculiarities of the mentality of the Kyrgyz people. To find out how the Kyrgyz initially treated the
female sex and have there been any changes? What is common between Kyrgyz and Pakistani
proverbs about women and what makes them different?
Comparative analysis of the Kyrgyz and Pakistani idioms will be conducted in English.
Since I do not know the Kyrgyz language well enough yet, my supervisor helped me to find Kyrgyz
proverbs and translate them.
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Common in the proverbial constructions of the two people is the definition of the role and
purpose of women in the family. For example:
Аял болбосо ашкана жетимсирейт (Kyrgyz).
A kitchen without a woman is like an orphan.
Aял – үйдүн куту.
Woman – happiness of a home.
Катын ишин билет, эркек кушун билет.
A woman knows a housework, while a man knows the falcon.
Buddhiyan bger wahiyan pooriyan nhi hundyan (Pakistan).
Without women, plans (at home) cannot be succeeded.
100 mard ty gher dara, ik runn ty gher sara.
100 men make a home as an inn and a single wife can change it into a home.
The woman is stereotypically depicted as the keeper of the family hearth. The woman had to
do household chores: cooking food, clean up home, sew clothes, raise children, etc. But in the
modern world, the role of women has changed, and this can be seen in the women and girls of
Kyrgyzstan. They are more independent and decisive. Many people work and study. In our country,
not many women can afford to work. This requires permission from your husband or father.
In the Kyrgyz and Pakistani proverbs show opposite images of women and situations
connected with them: such as smart-stupid, good-bad, hardworking-lazy. Such kind of images of the
female sex is a characteristic of the proverbs of these two people. I think this is normal, because a
woman as a person can have different character traits. For example:
Аялың мыкты болсо – бактың, аялың кыйды болсо – каттың (Kyrgyz).
If you have a good wife, you are happy, and if your wife is wicked, you are unhappy.
Катының долу болсо, замандын тынчтыгынан не пайда.
If your wife is wicked, what’s the use of world peace.
Aun praiyan jaiyan, wachoran sagyan bhaiyan (Pakistan).
Wives come and create division among real brothers.
Runn tohy jaeb, maan tohey paet.
A wife looks for your money and a mother takes care of your belly/food.
I believe these idioms highlight the meaning of the wife in the family. The Kyrgyz people
already in ancient times recognized the mental qualities of a woman. Not all women were
considered stupid.
The stereotypical images of women established by men in Pakistani proverbs look different
from those in Kyrgyz idioms. Generally, the depiction of women in Punjabi proverbs is face
threatening with exception of a few proverbs. The findings of this study in this respect have also
verified the researches done by Asif, Khan, Sultana Naz, Sanauddin, and Siddiqui. Three major
forms of sexism in the language of proverbs have been identified: language disregards womenfolk,
it describes them as unimportant, and it completely denigrates them. Women are generally
portrayed in all three forms in the following stereotypes [3]:
Woman – destroyer:
Mard gher nu kahiyan nal dhana chahy ty nhi dha sakda, per zanani sooi nal dha sakdi ay
(Pakistan).
A man cannot destroy a house with utmost effort, a woman can destroy it with least effort.
Quarrelsome, unintelligent woman:
Aa gwandnay larriye.
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O female neighbor! Let’s fight.
Paen kokan, meney apny, dewey lokan.
A lady blames others instead of accepting her own faults.
Aurat di mutt gut pichy.
Wits of a lady rest under her ponytail.
-Woman are Intruders:
Aag len ai ty ghar wali ban bethi.
She came to take fire and became the owner of the house.
According to researchers, in Pakistan, to a large extent, the foundations of patriarchy have
been preserved. The role and place of women is in the second place. Gender inequality is striking in
my country. The changes that are taking place around the world in relation to the female sex, in
Pakistan, these changes either have not yet taken place completely, or their scale is not yet an
important characteristic of society [3]. I think that Pakistani women and girls, due to the early
established humiliation in the family and society, cannot realize their social significance.
Understand that she is as important in the family and in society as a man.
Of particular interest are the Kyrgyz proverbs about girls. Comparing proverbs about girls,
one can find different attitudes of the Kyrgyz and Pakistani towards their daughters.
Кыз жакшысы – жакадагы кундуз (Kyrgyz).
The best girl is the beaver on the collar (Good girl is compared to an expensive coat collar).
Гүл өссө – жердин көркү, кыз өссө – үйдүн көркү.
When a flower blooms, it is the beauty of the earth; when a girl grows up, it is the beauty of
the house.
Кыз конок.
The daughter is a guest in the parents’ house.
According to Kyrgyz researchers, on the part of the father, as well as on the part of the
brothers, the attitude towards the girl was especially careful, the daughters were often spoiled and
pitied, realizing that very soon they would have a difficult life in the house of their future husband
[4]. I think that in Kyrgyzstan now girls feel even more comfortable and relaxed than Pakistani
girls. As I saw, Kyrgyz girls are free to choose their profession, their image and also a life partner.
From the words of K. Soronkulova, in comparison with the sedentary people, Kyrgyz
women in ancient times enjoyed wide freedom. Even after the penetration of Islam, they did not
wear a burqa, did not cover their faces, and had the right to be openly in male society [4].
In Pakistani proverbs, girls are depicted, according to Lubna Akhalq Khan, daughters are
presented mostly in face threatening manner and sometimes in face saving manner. Their birth and
arrival in family are considered as a curse and beginning of bad days for parents. Daughters are
presented as cause of worry, depression, tension and disgrace for their parents [2]:
Iutta tere naal buri hoi, gher ayan nu kurri hoi (Pakistan).
O Young man! You have to face a curse as a daughter is born in your home.
Dhee walyan dy ghar phoorri.
The home of a daughter’s parents is like a place of mourning
Having carried out a comparative analysis of the Kyrgyz and Pakistani proverbs about
women, it should be noted that these two people have different views in life on the female half of
humanity. The common thing is that the cult of men prevails in proverbial constructions. The place
of a woman in society, as a keeper of the hearth, is equally defined. A distinctive feature of the
depiction of the image of a woman is that in Kyrgyz folklore, although a woman submits to a man,
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her mind is recognized. The future of the family, and hence of society, depends on the Kyrgyz
woman. She was endowed with some freedom. And in Pakistani proverbs, a woman is depicted as
helpless and completely dependent on a man. The Pakistani woman had no social status. She was
completely dependent on her husband, father, brother. In modern life, stereotypes have changed,
given in proverbial constructions. The world is changing and the place and role of women in the
family and in society is changing. I hope that in my country there will be cardinal changes in the
position of the female sex for the better.
The list of used sources:
- Erkinbaeva Z. Specific features of proverbs and sayings, their difference from
phraseological units. –B., 2010. – P.1 - Lubna Akhalq Khan.Punjabi proverbs and gender: Construction of Multiple identities.
National University of Modern Language. 2017. –P.-67 - Punjabi Proverbs and Gender: Construction of Multiple Identities. NUML Journal of
Critical Inquiry Vol 15 (I), June, 2017 ISSN 2222-5706. –P.-67. - Soronkulova K. Marriage and Family in the сustomary law of the Kyrgyz. –B., 2018. –S-1.